New environmental legislation for England and Wales requires continuous water quality monitoring, writes Darren Hanson of Xylem UK – and the wins will go beyond river water quality.

With the Environment Act 2021 now in active rollout, the UK water sector is entering a pivotal phase. Part 5 Section 82 of the Act states utilities must continuously monitor water quality upstream and downstream of all storm overflow and sewage disposal works, which discharge into a watercourse.

By 2030, at least 25% of applicable assets must be fitted with continuous monitoring – prioritising high-risk sites like chalk streams, Sites of Special Scientific Interest and bathing waters. All applicable assets must be monitored by 2035.

Progress is well underway at high-priority locations, with companies that are embracing innovation and collaboration already ahead of the curve. For those still scaling up, now is the time to set sights on the 2035 deadline, focussing on:

• Scaling up delivery: expand monitoring to cover all relevant assets
• Leveraging hydrological modelling: ensure sensor placement reflects actual water quality impacts
• Securing land access: maintain dialogue with private landowners and secure planning permissions for installations
• Establishing data governance: strengthen validation, quality assurance and integration with broader asset management systems
• Implementing ecology assessments: vital to minimise impact on the local ecosystem
• Optimising stakeholder engagement: key enabler to ensure efficient delivery.

Meeting requirements of S82 is a major undertaking for the water sector and Xylem UK’s team has been supporting water company planning since the act became law in November 2021. Many lessons have already been learned, they include:

• Start early: pilot projects and phased rollouts allow for iterative learning and smoother scaling
• Hydrology is key: understanding river dynamics is essential for accurate and meaningful data
• Tech must be tough: equipment should be built to withstand vandalism, flooding and remote conditions
• Prepare for high-frequency data: managing data at this scale requires specialist skills, systems and governance frameworks
• Consider management of sonde metadata: this will ensure reliable and traceable calibrations post-handover

In terms of technologies, several have emerged as particularly effective for S82 requirements:

• Multiparameter sondes for robust, real-time data across multiple parameters
• Cloud platforms to centralise data, enable alerts and support analytics
• Data-as-a-service (DaaS) for outsourced monitoring and timely data delivery
  Internet-of-things (IoT) and telemetry to enable remote monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance

Systems integration should be considered to ensure effective operationalisation of the data.

Value of data
Data collected under Section 82 should not be viewed as a compliance burden, but as a valuable strategic asset. Properly analysed, it can help water companies understand catchment dynamics, identify pollution hotspots and trends, enable predictive maintenance, prevent failures and inform strategies.

Sharing the data in real-time will also improve transparency and help build customer trust. Encouragingly, we are also seeing this data trigger more collaborative discussions with other catchment stakeholders, such as the agriculture sector.

Power in collaboration
Strategic delivery models are emerging as a powerful approach. A standout example is between utilities contractor M Group Services, engineering consultancy Jacobs and Xylem. The partnership delivers end-to-end monitoring solutions aligned with the technical demands of S82.

Xylem UK provides the core monitoring technology, enabling real-time data collection and analysis. M Group brings expertise in infrastructure deployment, including sensor installation and maintenance across complex and remote environments. Jacobs leads on land access negotiation, hydrological modelling, data interpretation and strategic planning, and ensuring monitoring networks are scientifically robust and aligned with regulatory expectations.

The model demonstrates how collaboration can drive better environmental outcomes.

Paradigm shift
S82 represents more than a regulatory milestone – it signals a shift toward intelligent, continuous and traceable water quality management.  As the sector approaches full compliance by 2035, collaboration will remain the cornerstone of success, enabling smarter solutions, faster adoption and a more resilient, water-secure future for all.

Darren Hanson and Xylem UK colleagues will showcase water quality monitoring technology at Water, Wastewater & Environmental Management Expo (WWEM) on 17-18 September 2025, NEC Birmingham. See Xylem’s presentation – Section 82 Monitoring: Delivering Certainty in an Uncertain World – on day two, at 11am.